Prevention effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for chemotherapy-related myelosuppression in non-small cell lung cancer / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the prevention effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) for chemotherapy-related myelosuppression in non-small cell lung cancer.@*METHODS@#A total of 102 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who received initial chemotherapy were randomly divided into a conventional group, a medication group and a TEAS group, 34 cases in each one. The conventional group was treated with chemotherapy of gemcitabine combined with cisplatin and given routine care. On the basis of conventional group's treatment, the medication group was given tablets before chemotherapy, 2-3 tablets each time, 3 times a day. In the TEAS group, on the basis of conventional group's treatment, TEAS was applied at Dazhui (GV 14), Geshu (BL 17), Hegu (LI 4), Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) on day 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 14, 21 and 28 of chemotherapy. The treatment was given 30 min each time and once a day. In the three groups, the treatment for 28 days was as one course and one course of treatment was required. The changes of leukocytes, platelets, erythrocyte, hemoglobin indexes in patients of the three groups were observed one day before chemotherapy and on day 5, 8, 11, 14, 21 and 28 of chemotherapy. The comfort situation of patients was observed one day before chemotherapy and on the 5th, 11th and 21st day of chemotherapy.@*RESULTS@#Compared with before chemotherapy, the leukocyte counts of three groups were decreased at various time points after chemotherapy (<0.05). Compared with the conventional group, the leukocyte counts were higher on day 8 and 14 in the TEAS group and on day 14 in the medication group (<0.05). Compared with before chemotherapy, the platelet count decreased on the day 5, 8, 11 and 14 of chemotherapy in the conventional group (<0.05), and the platelet counts all decreased at each time point after chemotherapy in the medication group (<0.05). The platelet counts of the TEAS group on day 5, 8, 11 and 14 of chemotherapy were higher than those of the conventional group (<0.05), and the platelet counts of the TEAS group on day 5, 8, 11 and 21 of chemotherapy were higher than those of the medication group (<0.05). Compared with the conventional group, the comfort situation scores of the TEAS group were higher on the 5th and 11th days of chemotherapy (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation can prevent chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression (leukocyte, platelets) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and improve patient comfort situation.

Chiral separation and purity test of levofloxacin-N-oxide / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To establish a high performance liquid chromatographic method for chiral separation of levofloxacin-N-oxide enantiomers and purity test of the bulk drug. METHODS: The analysis was carried out on a C18 column with D-phenylalanine-copper sulfate solution-methanol (80:20) as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL · min-1, the UV detection wavelength was set at 325 nm, and the column temperature was maintained at 40℃. RESULTS: A baseline separation of levofloxacin-N-oxide enantiomers was achieved and the resolution was 3.2 between the enantiomers under the above chromatographic conditions. CONCLUSION: This method is simple, rapid, and reproducible, and it can be used for the separation and purity test of levofloxacin-N-oxide.

HPLC-MS identification of degradation products of levofloxacin / 药学学报

The study aims to identify the degradation products of levofloxacin by HPLC-MS. The degradation products of levofloxacin were chromatographed on Agilent Zorbax Extend-C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm). The mobile phase was 0.1% ammonium acetate solution (using methanoic acid to adjust to pH 3.5)-acetonitrile at the flow rate of 0.5 mL x min(-1) (gradient elution), the column temperature was 40 degrees C. Descarboxyl levofloxacin, desmethyl levofloxacin and levofloxacin N-oxide were identified through comparing with the standard spectrum and the results of mass spectrometry, i.e. m/z 318.2 was descarboxyl levofloxacin, m/z 348.2 was desmethyl levofloxacin, m/z 378.1 was levofloxacin-N-oxide. This method is simple, fast, accurate and suitable for the identification of degradation products of levofloxacin.

Giant cell tumor of temporal bone and mandibular condyle: a case report / 华西口腔医学杂志

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) seldom occurs in the head or face. This article reported a case that GCTB occurred simultaneously in the temporal bone and mandibular condyle, and analyzed their clinical and pathological features.

Caries-related factors for preschool children / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the significance of variables such as saliva mutans streptococci, oral hygiene, dietary habits, oral hygiene habits and socio-economic status in assessing the level of caries risk for preschool children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The case-control study was used. Among 1018 children at the age of 4 and 5, 204 children with dmft > or = 6 were included in caries group and 237 children in caries free group. Saliva mutans streptococci, saliva flow rate and buffer capacity, and debris index were tested for all children. Their mothers finished the standardized questionnaire for information about dietary and oral hygiene habits of the children, breast and bottle feeding history and socio-economic status.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Logistic regression analysis showed that the saliva mutans streptococci (OR = 3.019), debris index (OR = 2.263), frequency of consumption of snacks and sweets (OR = 1.729), frequency of intake of soft drinks (OR = 1.496) and use of sweetened food in nursing bottle (OR = 2.255) were significant factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>High level of saliva mutans streptococci, bad oral hygiene, frequent intake of sweet food, and sugar contents in nursing bottle were the important risk factors for dental caries on primary teeth.</p>

Diazoxide preconditioning alleviates apoptosis of hippocampal neurons induced by anoxia-reoxygenation in vitro through up-regulation of Bcl-2/Bax protein ratio / 生理学报

Activating mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mitoK(ATP)) channels is a critical event of pharmacological preconditioning, which can enhance neuronal ability against various insults. mitoK(ATP) channels are abundant in neurons and can be selectively opened by diazoxide (DZ). The aim of this study was to determine whether DZ could restrain neuronal apoptosis induced by anoxia-reoxygenation and to reveal the effect of DZ preconditioning on the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in cultured hippocampal neurons. Cultured for 9~10 d in vitro, the hippocampal neurons of Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to the following 5 groups randomly: Control, DZ 0 mumol/L, DZ 30 mumol/L, DZ 100 mumol/L, DZ 100 mumol/L+5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD, a selective mitoK(ATP) channel blocker) 100 mumol/L. Prior to oxygen deprivation, the hippocampal neurons except those in the control group were treated with DZ or DZ+5-HD for 1 h per day and this treatment persisted for 3 d. Thereafter, neurons were subjected to anoxia for 4 h and followed by reoxygenation. At 24 h of reoxygenation the neuronal survival rates were measured by MTT method, while the apoptotic rates were assayed by annexin V-FITC staining. The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were detected with immunocytochemistry and evaluated by Western blot. Anoxia-reoxygenation injury reduced the survival rates and increased apoptotic rates significantly. In comparison with those in other groups, the survival rate in DZ 100 mumol/L group was increased by about 15%, whereas the apoptotic rate was decreased by almost 12% simultaneously. 5-HD could abolish the neuroprotection afforded by 100 mumol/L DZ. Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in the control normoxic neurons were both expressed slightly, while anoxia-reoxygenation led to high expression of Bax protein. The administration of 100 mumol/L DZ enhanced the expression of Bcl-2 protein by nearly 60%, whereas Bax protein was reduced by approximately 30%. Lower concentrations of DZ had no detectable effects on the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins. However, beneficial effects of DZ on the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were reversed after the co-treatment with 5-HD. In conclusion, 100 mumol/L DZ prevented cultured hippocampal neurons from apoptosis induced by anoxia-reoxygenation possibly through up-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 protein and down-regulating the expression of Bax protein.

Diazoxide preconditioning plus subsequent hypothermia increased resistance of rat cultured hippocampal neurons against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion/hypoxia-reoxygenation insult triggers lots of pathophysiological and biochemical events that separately affect the evolution of cerebral damage. Accordingly, all known effective neuroprotective measures should be taken to get the optimal efficacy of therapy. This study was undertaken to investigate whether diazoxide (DZ) preconditioning combined with the following hypothermia could contribute to synergistic neuroprotection compared with either hypothermia or DZ preconditioning alone.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cultured for 9-10 days in vitro, the hippocampal neurons of SD rats were preconditioned with DZ 0 micromol/L or DZ 250 micromol/L for 1 hour per day and this treatment lasted for 3 days. Subsequently, neurons were subjected to deprivation of oxygen for 4 hours at 37 degrees C, 34 degrees C, 30 degrees C and 22 degrees C, respectively. This experiment consisted of 8 groups (4 temperature groups and 4 combination groups) and each group contained 12-well or 2-dish cells. Survival rate, expression of Bcl-2, fluorescence magnitude of intracellular calcium, and concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined at 24 hours after reoxygenation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The survival rate and expression of Bcl-2 were both increased in individually hypothermic conditions compared with those at 37 degrees C (P < 0.05), whereas intracellular calcium and MDA did the opposite exhibition simultaneously (P < 0.05). 22 degrees C contributed to a higher survival rate and greater expression of Bcl-2 in comparison with other hypothermia (P < 0.05). Preceding administration of 250 micromol/L DZ took the similar effects on the neurons like hypothermia. Moreover, compared with individual hypothermia or DZ preconditioning, the neuronal survival rate and expression of Bcl-2 in the combination group were increased significantly (P < 0.05), whereas the calcium fluorescence density and concentration of MDA were reduced further (P < 0.05). 250 micromol/L DZ preconditioning combined with 22 degrees C provided a maximal neuroprotection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Compared with either individual hypothermia or DZ preconditioning, the combination of both treatments conferred synergistic protection for cultured hippocampal neurons in vitro against hypoxia-reoxygenation insult.</p>

Study on fingerprint of unfinished product of Nauclea injection / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish HPLC fingerprints of unfinished product of Nauclea injection.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A high performance liquid chromatography assay was developed with an Agilent-Extend C18 column, a gradient elution:water-5% acetonitrile (10 min), 5% acetonitrile-10% acetonitrile (10-60 min), 50% acetonitrile-water (60-70 min), a 0.7 mL x min(-1) flow rate, at detection wavelength, 245 nm within a 70 min total elution time.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The RSD of relative retention time and peak area of coexist peaks meet to method requirement during the investigation of precision, stability and repeatibity trials. All of the 10 batches of samples share a high similarity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This method can be used to control the quality of unfinished product of Nauclea injection.</p>

An eight-year longitudinal study for caries status on primary and permanent dentitions in Beijing children / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study whether the caries status of the primary dentition correlated with status of the permanent in the same cohort over an eight-year period. To determine whether the caries status of the primary dentition can be used to predict caries in the permanent dentition.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 362 children, 3 - 4 years old in the baseline study in 1992 were re-examined in 2000 based on WHO criteria and methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Statistically significant associations were observed between the caries prevalence in primary and permanent teeth (P < 0.01) and between DMFT(s) and dmft(s) (P < 0.01). Children who had caries in the primary teeth were nearly three times more likely to have caries in the permanent teeth (RR = 2.6,95% CI = 1.4 - 4.7, P < 0.001). The highest sensitivity (93.9%) for prediction caries in the permanent dentition was found in caries presence on any of the eight primary molars, for which the relative ratio was 3.3 (95% CI = 1.8 - 6.1, P < 0.001) and the positive prediction value was 85.4%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The study determinate clearly that caries status in the primary teeth can be used as a risk indicator for predicting caries in the permanent dentition.</p>

Effect of IgY solution on dental plaque / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of the IgY solution on dental plaque and mutans Streptococci in plaque and in saliva.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A double-blind study was used. 44 school children at the third grade in test group used the IgY solution for 21 days; 41 children in control group used the placebo. The plaque index, the plaque weight, the level of mutans streptococci in saliva and in plaque were tested for all children.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The plaque weight in test group was (46.4 +/- 31.2) mg at baseline, and (36.6 +/- 25.6) mg at the end of the study (P = 0.007). The IgY solution reduced 21.1% plaque weight. Statistically significant differences for other indices were not shown in this study.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 0.1% IgY solution reduces the mass of plaque on the tooth surfaces.</p>